Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the Nutritional value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to Nutritional components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-Nutritional components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the Nutritional and antiNutritional aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.

In order to evaluate the relationship of Nutritional balance index (NBI) with yield and quality characteristics of grape, a four year experiment was conducted in Kohgiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad province. The purpose of this study was to determine the Nutritional elements balance status and its effect on yield and quality of grape in orchards. In this experiment, DRIS norms were established first for grape. The established norms were then used to calculate DRIS indices and Nutritional balance index for those orchards having low yields. Beside, exponential regression analysis was used to evaluate relationship of NBI with yield and quality characteristics of grape. The results showed a negative and significant (at 1% probability level) relationship between NBI and yield. Relationships of NBI with sugar, TSS and TSS/TA were negative that the latest case was significant at 5% probability level. Relationship between NBI and TA was positive but not significant. Based on the obtained results,  the amount of  NBI was high that expressed the imbalanced status of elements the most important factor in reduced grape yield and quality in orchards.

Deviation from the optimum percentage (DOP) is an important method for interpretation of the results of chemical analysis and diagnosis of Nutritional status of plants. In order to evaluate the Nutritional status of squash (Lagenaria Vulgaris) through DOP, 122 leaf samples were collected from squash fields of Khoy region and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were analyzed. The squash fields were divided into high and low yielding groups. The mean of nutrients concentration in high yielding-fields was selected as norms for the calculation of DOP indices. DOP indices showed that macro-and micro nutrients requirement as follow K>P>Mg>Ca>N and Zn>Fe>B>Cu>Mn respectively. So nitrogen had the most positive index but potassium and zinc had the most negative indices among nutrients. DOP Nutritional balance index was much more than zero indicating Nutritional imbalance in this region. Finally, it was concluded that K and Zn deficiencies are more critical in reduction of the squash yield and the application of their fertilizers can improve growth and yield of squash in the region...

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Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important mineral elements needed by plants that are essential for growth and development of crops. In order to study yield, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), Chlorophyll index and nitrogen concentration of wheat in different regimes nutrition, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications was done at a research field in Golestan Province during growing seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, The experimental factors were three net nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1 and five net phosphorus fertilizer rates of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P ha-1 that in stage make ready of field, before from planting, tillering and stem elongation was divided, According to the results, traits under study in each three stage of planting, tillering and stem elongation had significant effect and follow from simple linear regression model, as in each level nitrogen from different levels phosphorus, with increase rate of consumed phosphorus, traits under study were prospered from increasing trend and the maximum traits were recorded with 80 kg P ha-1 that yield was not showed significantly difference analysis with consumption of 60 kg P ha-1, Also The results this experiment showed that on the basis of results of table correlation between traits is very strong relation between nitrogen nutrition index(NNI), chlorophyll index and nitrogen available to plant, so is offered with due attention to deficiency phosphorus fertilizer in field of Golestan Province, in management fertilizer in addition on nitrogen, phosphorus must be considered, also is offered in order to reach to maximum yield is consumed a least 60 kg P net ha-1.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Nutritional status of dryland wheat using diagnosis, and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) method. To determine the DRIS indices, and norms in dryland wheat, 54 samples were collected from shoots, and concentrations of nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were determined. To determine the norms, the farms were divided into two groups of high and low-yielding farms based on yield. Optimum concentrations of nutrients for macronutrients N, P, and K were 0.87- 1.35, 0.0360 - 0.104, 2.18 - 1.02 (%), and for micronutrients including Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were 170-430, 29-51, 3.6 – 8.4, 13 – 27 (mg kg-1), respectively, as well as optimum nutrient concentrations for N, P, and K were 1.11, 0.07 and 1.6 (%), and for Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn 300, 40, 6, and 20 (mg kg-1) respectively, were determined. In most low-yielding farms, the Nutritional balance index (NBI) was much higher than zero, indicating more nutrient imbalance in these farms. The overall priority for macro and micronutrients is P > K > Fe > N > Mn > Zn > Cu, which should be paid attention to P, K, Fe, and N in the Nutritional program.

IntroductionSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a perennial plant belonging to the cereal family. Sugarcane is a major agricultural crop cultivated extensively in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Its phenological growth cycles lead to changes in the plant's Nutritional requirements. Understanding these changes requires comprehensive knowledge of the plant's growth stages, as well as the decomposition processes of soil and plant leaves throughout these stages. The availability of nutrients required by the plant during the growth stages of the plant is one of the key points of normal plant growth, therefore, plant nutrition management plays a significant role in achieving optimal performance. Considering these changes, the leaf analysis and diagnosis method can prevent the limitations caused by plant Nutritional disorders and the optimal use of fertilizers required in sugarcane cultivation. The combined nutrient detection (CND) method is one of the appropriate methods in interpreting the results of plant nutrient analysis, nutrient requirements and Nutritional balance status in plants. Performing leaf sample analysis is an effective approach to monitor and assess the Nutritional status of sugarcane. Given that sugarcane may have a multi-year cycle, this method provides a reliable indicator for assessing the Nutritional needs of the crop during its cultivation period. One of the effective methods for assessing Nutritional limitations in sugarcane is through the CND method. This method provides the advantage of quickly delivering up-to-date standards while identifying specific nutrients responsible for Nutritional imbalances that may reduce productivity. Additionally, it enables the detection of limitations caused by deficiencies and excesses, indicated by negative and positive indices, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the order of limitation for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc using the CND in the commercial sugarcane variety CP69-1062 grown in ratoon farms. In the northern Khuzestan farms, which have the potential for higher sugarcane production, Nutritional limitations may still restrict productivity. Materials and MethodsThe present study was conducted in ratoon sugarcane fields in the Shuaibih area of Imam Khomeini sugarcane cultivation and industry. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of fertilization management and assess nutrient balance in the commercial sugarcane variety CP69-1062 grown in ratoon farms. To achieve this, 25 farms were selected during the 2023-2024 crop year. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper were analyzed in the leaves of the sugarcane plants. After the harvest season, the yield of each field was measured and recorded. The intermediate yield, obtained using the Khayari method, allowed the farms to be divided into two groups based on whether the yield was favorable or unfavorable. Subsequently, CND reference numbers, CND nutrient index and nutrient balance index (r²) were calculated. This index was calculated using the Keith-Nielson method, based on the Chi-square statistical distribution function (K²) in Excel software. Results and DiscussionThe results of the cumulative distribution function of the variance of nutrients, with an intermediate yield of 99 tons per hectare, indicate that 52% of the studied ratoon sugarcane farms were in the high yield group and 48% were in the low yield group. After solving the equations of the cumulative function of the third order of the studied nutrients, the nutrient balance index values were found to fall within the range of (2.62 to 20.58) in the optimal performance group, with an average value of 109.28 tons per hectare. The highest value of this index (r2 = 199.95) was observed in the Raton sugarcane field, with a yield of 73.08 tons per hectare. The CND reference numbers of the evaluated nutrients and remaining compounds were as follows: V*N= 2.87, V*P= 1.04, V*K= 2.64, V*Ca =1.95, V*Mg =1.29, V*Fe = -1.75, V*Mn = -3.35, V*Zn = -4.72, V*Cu = -3. 92, and V*Rd = 4.13. The index of CND nutrients showed that copper and iron had the highest negative index among micronutrients in the group of low-yielding ratoon sugarcane fields. The presence of calcareous conditions in the soil of the studied fields can be one of the reasons for this observation. ConclusionThe CND nutrient balance index (r2) was positive, especially in low-yielding ratoon sugarcane fields, and much higher than its value in high-yielding fields, which indicates Nutritional imbalance in these fields. Proper management and balanced use of fertilizers should be considered. It can improve yield and growth cycle of sugarcane.

AIMS: One of the most important factors affecting physical performance and performance of job duties in military students is diet and its content. This study aimed to compare the content of the diet and Nutritional and physical needs of officer students and provide appropriate Nutritional solutions. MATERIALS & METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-survey study whose population was students of a military university in Tehran, Iran in 2020. 120 people were selected by random sampling. To evaluate the studied variables, food frequency questionnaire FFQ (with 24-hour food recall) and physical activity questionnaire in three days, and N4 Food Processor software was used. The obtained data were analyzed using a t-test in SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0. 05. FINDINGS: The results of the present study showed that the age, height, weight and body mass index of the samples were respectively 21. 36±, 8. 2 years, 169. 64±, 45. 10 cm, 73. 34±, 74. 6 Kg and 25. 47±, 37. 2 Kg/m2. The number of carbohydrate, sodium and fat intake was higher than the amount required by the body, while the amount of protein intake was less than the estimated amount for the students of the officer's university, which was significantly different from the current standard (p=0. 001). Also, the number of received calories, the amount of energy expenditure, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc received by students are statistically and significantly lower than the values of existing standards and the amounts of micronutrients required to perform the activities properly (p=0. 001). CONCLUSION: The student diet needs modifications such as improving the quality and quantity of the diet, adding small snacks, adding dairy products, as well as some fresh fruits and vegetables.